ArticleAnimal bioscience2025
Increased apoptosis in late-developing in vitro fertilized bovine blastocysts decreases successful pregnancy.
Article in Animal bioscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- SIRT1 plays a critical role in maintaining the viability of Yak Sertoli cells by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis via activating the PGC-1α-NRF-1-TFAM pathway.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- Embryo transfer in dairy herds: a comprehensive review of factors affecting pregnancy success from donor to embryo and recipient.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- In Vitro Developmental Competence Predicts Pregnancy Outcomes Following Transfer of Beef Embryos to Dairy Recipients: A Retrospective Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Vitrification of bovine oocytes and embryos: roadmaps to cryopreservation success.Animal reproduction · 2026Article
- Enhancing gene expression studies in bovine embryos fertilized in vitro: Identifying stable reference genes across blastocysts with different developmental speeds.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePregnancy in cattle after embryo transfer (ET) is influenced by several factors, including embryo quality. Therefore, preparing high-quality embryos with the greatest developmental potential is essential for achieving a successful pregnancy after ET. Meanwhile, blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure have different developmental speed during in vitro culture (IVC) and they exhibited different competence in the establishment of pregnancy.
methodsThis study aimed to identify the comparative features of early-, mid-, and late-developing bovine IVF blastocysts, when they first appeared at Day 7, 8, and 9 during IVC, respectively. In addition, the correlations between their molecular features and pregnancy ability were analyzed.
resultsThe results showed no difference in the morphological characteristics, including total cell count and diameter, between the Day 7, 8, and 9 blastocysts. However, the pregnancy rate post-ET was significantly different between the groups at 51.7%, 36.7%, and 17.8% for Day 7, 8, and 9 blastocysts, respectively. During early embryo development, late-developing blastocysts demonstrated a reduced cell count in the inner cell mass and decreased expression of the early embryo developmental genes (Oct4 and Sox2) compared with the early- and mid-developing blastocysts. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells and apoptosis-related gene expression (increased Bax and decreased Bcl2) gradually elevated from the Day 7 to Day 9 blastocysts. However, there was no difference in mitochondrial activity and mitochondria-relevant gene expression (Tfam and Cox1) between the groups. Correlation analysis identified a significantly negative correlation between the pregnancy rate and the blastocysts' degree of apoptosis, indicating that the low pregnancy ability of late-developing blastocysts was mainly caused by increased apoptosis.
conclusionThis study's results may contribute to the field of animal biotechnology by assisting in establishing an improved strategy for bovine ET with IVF embryos.
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