Observational studyCurrent neuropharmacology2025
Esketamine Treatment Trajectory of Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression in the Mid and Long-Term Run: Data from REAL-ESK Study Group.
Observational study in Current neuropharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ketamine and Esketamine in Preclinical and Human Studies: A Systematic Review.Research square · 2026Article
- Repeated intranasal esketamine augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid major depressive disorder: a prospective case series.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sustained effectiveness and safety of esketamine for major depressive disorder: a target trial simulation of real-world data.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Intranasal dantrolene nanoparticles inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced depression and anxiety behavior in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Remission is insufficient: predictors and mechanistic models of recurrence in late-life depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Pilot study on esketamine response in treatment-resistant depression: impact of pharmacogenetic, clinical, and demographic variables.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Esketamine use in real-world clinical practice in patients with treatment-resistant depression.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Novel and emerging anesthetic drugs for the treatments of major depression: a comprehensive review of efficacy, mechanism, and outlook.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- New and emerging pharmacologic treatments for MDD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Case Report: Intranasal esketamine combined with a form of generative artificial intelligence in the management of treatment-resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of esketamine combined with propofol or ciprofol sedation for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with factorial design.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Esketamine versus fentanyl as adjuncts to hepatic hilar nerve block for ambulatory percutaneous liver tumor ablation focusing on respiratory safety: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Rapid treatment center for depression in China: constructive reflections and transnational implications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/
objectiveData on long-term treatment with Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESKNS) in real-world patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is scarce. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of ESK-NS treatment at 6 and 12-month follow-ups.
methodsThis is part of an observational, retrospective, multicentric Italian study (REAL-ESK study). Subjects for the present study underwent psychiatric assessments after 6 and 12 months from the start of ESK-NS treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in continuous variables, such as scores on psychometric scales from baseline to follow-up time points.
resultsOf 63 patients who maintained ESK-NS treatment for at least 6 months, 48 were responders or remitters (76.2%). Among 15 non-responders at 6 months, 4 significantly improved at 12-month follow-up. At least one side effect was reported by 71.8% of subjects with a 6-month follow-up assessment. An overall reduction of side effects was noticed as treatment progressed (42% of patients who continued the treatment reported side effects at 12 months). The most common side effects were sedation (31.7%) and dissociation (28.6%) during ESK-NS sessions. Only 2 patients discontinued ESK-NS for tolerability reasons.
conclusionThe results support the effectiveness and safety of esketamine in the mid and long-term treatment of TRD patients. The late clinical response of a subgroup of patients represents a novel finding. Data needs to be confirmed in larger samples and longer observation periods.
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