ArticleNutrition journal2025
Association of iron deficiency with kidney outcome and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease patients without anemia.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Iron Balance and Cardiovascular Health: The Double-Edged Role of Deficiency and Overload.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Anemia and iron deficiency in post-kidney transplantation: an unsolved challenge.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Clinical Outcomes of Iron Supplement Therapy in Non-Anemic Female CKD Stage 3 Patients with Low Serum Ferritin Level: A Multi-Institutional TriNetX Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic implications of serum ferritin levels in non-anemic women with stage 3 chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Differential Associations of Iron Deficiency with Renal Progression and Mortality in Anemic Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland)Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), even in those without anemia. However, the effects of iron deficiency on CKD progression and all-cause mortality in non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients without anemia remain incompletely understood.
methodsThis multicenter retrospective nationwide cohort study included adult patients with non-anemia NDD-CKD from 24 hospitals across China. The study investigated the associations between serum ferritin or transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels and the risks of CKD progression and all-cause mortality.
resultsAmong 18,878 patients with NDD-CKD, 9,989 patients were included in the kidney outcome analysis, and 18,481 patients in the all-cause mortality analysis. Of the patients with the measurement, 2,450 (27.2%) had ferritin levels ≤ 100ng/mL and 2,440 (13.1%) had a TSAT level ≤ 20%. Compared with patients with TSAT level of > 20%, those with TSAT level of ≤ 20% had significantly higher risks of CKD progression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.66, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.16-2.37; P = 0.005) and all-cause mortality (aHR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.36-3.57; P = 0.001). The robustness of results was supported by subgroup analyses. However, there was no significant association found between ferritin levels and the risk of CKD progression or all-cause mortality (P > 0.05).
conclusionIron deficiency was prevalent in NDD-CKD patients without anemia, and TSAT could be a modifiable risk factor of CKD progression and all-cause mortality. The screening of iron biomarkers, especially TSAT, in the early stage of NDD-CKD is important to assess and improve prognosis.
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