Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39809752›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Vialess heterogeneous skin patch for multimodal monitoring and stimulation.

Hyeokjun Lee, Soojeong Song, Junwoo Yea, Jeongdae Ha, Saehyuck Oh, Janghwan Jekal, Myung Seok Hong, Chihyeong Won, Han Hee Jung, Hohyun Keum and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  9. Multimodal Wearable Biosensing Meets Multidomain AI: A Pathway to Decentralized Healthcare.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hyeokjun Lee *Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Soojeong Song *Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Junwoo YeaDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3104-6018
Jeongdae HaDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Saehyuck OhDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Janghwan JekalDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9590-2853
Myung Seok HongASML Korea, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea.
Chihyeong WonSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Han Hee JungDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Hohyun KeumIndustrial Transformation Technology Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
Sangyoon HanDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Jeong Ho ChoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-9920
Taeyoon LeeSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-0257
Kyung-In JangDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea. kijang@dgist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-5029

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2023-00234581National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2024-00460364
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

System-level wearable electronics require to be flexible to ensure conformal contact with the skin, but they also need to integrate rigid and bulky functional components to achieve system-level functionality. As one of integration methods, folding integration offers simplified processing and enhanced functionality through rigid-soft region separation, but so far, it has mainly been applied to modality of electrical sensing and stimulation. This paper introduces a vialess heterogeneous skin patch with multi modalities that separates the soft region and strain-robust region through folded structure. Our system includes electrical and optical modalities for hemodynamic and cardiovascular monitoring, and a force-electrically driven micropump for drug delivery. Each modality is demonstrated through on-demand drug delivery, flexible waveguide-based PPG monitoring, and ECG and body movement monitoring. Wireless data transmission and real-time measurement validate the feedback operation for multi-modalities. This engineered closed-loop platform offers the possibility for broad applications, including cardiovascular monitoring and chronic disease management.

Indexed as

Transdermal PatchWearable Electronic DevicesDrug Delivery SystemsElectrocardiographyEquipment DesignHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicSkinWireless Technology

Identifiers

PMID39809752
PMCPMC11733152

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.