Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39809077›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2025

Injectable ionic hydrogel conductors: Advancing material design to transform cardiac pacing.

Gabriel J Rodriguez-Rivera, Allison Post, Mathews John, Derek Bashe, Fei Xu, Trace Larue, Abbey Nkansah, Megan Wancura, Malgorzata Chwatko, Christina Waldron and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Gabriel J Rodriguez-RiveraMcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 787212, USA.
Allison PostElectrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Mathews JohnElectrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Derek BasheDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Fei XuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Trace LarueDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Abbey NkansahDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Megan WancuraDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Malgorzata ChwatkoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Christina WaldronDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Nikhith KalkunteDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Janet ZoldanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Mathieu ArseneaultDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Abdou ElgaladElectrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Manuel K RauschDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Mehdi RazaviElectrophysiology Clinical Research and Innovations, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Elizabeth Cosgriff-HernandezDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. Electronic address: cosgriff.hernandez@utexas.edu.

Funding

Injectable Hydrogel Electrodes to Prevent Ventricular ArrhythmiasR01HL162741 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Elizabeth Marie Cosgriff-Hernandez, Mehdi Razavi · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL162741
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Direct pacing of the mid myocardium where re-entry originates can be used to prevent ventricular arrhythmias and circumvent the need for painful defibrillation or cardiac ablation. However, there are no pacing electrodes small enough to navigate the coronary veins that cross these culprit scar regions. To address this need, we have developed an injectable ionically conductive hydrogel electrode that can fill the epicardial coronary veins and transform them into flexible electrodes. A new hydrogel chemistry based on a polyether urethane diacrylamide macromer was developed that matches myocardial stiffness and is resistant to hydrolysis. Conductivity was imparted using ionic precursor solutions with values in the range of 2-3X of native myocardium that was retained after implantation. Ionic hydrogel electrodes provided stable electrical stimuli over many cycles and across a substantial length of the cardiac vein. Rapid in situ cure was achieved with redox initiation after injection from a double-barrel syringe with a mixing head. An ex vivo porcine model was used to identify the requisite viscosity and cure rate for hydrogel retention and homogeneity. Finally, successful in vivo deployment and pacing in a porcine model demonstrated that the ionic hydrogel electrode filled the anterior interventricular vein to depths far more distal and refined than current technologies. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the potential of this injectable ionic hydrogel electrode to pace previously inaccessible mid-myocardial tissue and pave the pathway for painless defibrillation.

Indexed as

Cardiac Pacing, ArtificialHydrogelsAnimalsElectric ConductivityElectrodesInjectionsSwineHydrogelsArrhythmiasBiomaterialsConductiveHydrogelsInjectablePacing

Identifiers

PMID39809077
PMCPMC12757118

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.