Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39807458›Full record

ArticleCureus2024

The Safety of Multiple-Dose Liquid Blend Containing Kava and Kratom in Healthy Adults.

Jaustin Dufour, Xinjie Lois Lin, Jun Wang, Joshua Baisley, Ambreen Atif, Erin C Berthold, Ramsey Atallah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jaustin DufourMedical Writing, Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, CAN.
Xinjie Lois LinMedical Writing, Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, CAN.
Jun WangBiostatistics, Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, CAN.
Joshua BaisleyClinical Trial Management, Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, CAN.
Ambreen AtifClinical Trial Management, Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, CAN.
Erin C BertholdConsulting, Planted in Science Consulting, LLC, St. Augustine, USA.
Ramsey AtallahClinical Pharmacology, Botanic Tonics, LLC, Calabasas, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the safety of three different daily dosages of a liquid blend containing kava and kratom (Feel Free® Classic Tonic {FFCT}) in healthy adults over six consecutive days of supplementation. Both kava and kratom have been used traditionally for hundreds of years, but there is limited data on the combined safety of these ingredients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the participants were assigned to receive one of three daily dosages of FFCT or placebo. Safety assessments included the monitoring of vital signs, clinical chemistry, hematology, and withdrawal symptoms using the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) and the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS). The results indicate that FFCT was safe, with mild to moderate adverse events (AEs) such as nausea, headaches, and fatigue, particularly in the high-dosage (HD) group. No significant changes in liver or kidney function were noted, and all vital signs remained within normal physiological ranges although some statistically significant changes in blood pressure (BP) and respiratory rate (RR) were observed. There were no clinically significant observations in COWS or SOWS scores despite a small but statistically significant increase in COWS total score in the high-dose group on day 7. Overall, FFCT appears safe for short-term use in healthy adults, with no significant impact on vital signs, laboratory values, or withdrawal symptoms.

Indexed as

kavakratomsafety studyvital signswithdrawal symptoms

Identifiers

PMID39807458
PMCPMC11726919

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.