Observational studyThoracic cancer2025
Long-Term Real-World Survival of Immunotherapy Compared to Chemotherapy for Metastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
Observational study in Thoracic cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis based on phase 3 randomized controlled trials.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Prior curative-intent treatment strategy affects progression outcomes of first-line immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Real-World Data on the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy on Advanced NSCLC: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- On Window Mean Survival Time With Interval-Censored Data.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Progression-directed ablative radiotherapy improves event-free survival in oligoprogressive NSCLC.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Osimertinib Combined with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Correction to "Long-Term Real-World Survival of Immuno- therapy Compared to Chemotherapy for Metastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis".Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Defining long-term survivors in metastatic lung cancer: insights from a Delphi study in Spain.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term real-world effect of immunotherapy (IO) is uncertain in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). This retrospective observational study aimed to describe treatment patterns following the introduction of IO, estimate real-world treatment effects of IO compared to standard of care, and evaluate the impact of introduction of IO on a real-world population, based on a large dataset of over 10 000 patients with several years of follow-up.
methodsData from routine care of lung cancer patients were extracted from Flatiron Health including those who received either IO or platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PBDC) in the first line (1L), or either IO or chemotherapy (CT) in the second line (2L). Real-world overall survival (rwOS) and real-world time to next therapy (rwTTNT) were estimated using Cox regression. Flexible parametric models, relaxing proportional hazard assumptions, were used to evaluate long-term IO effects.
resultsAfter 1:1 nearest neighbor matching among 16 754 1L and 6548 2L patients, the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.942 (95% CI, 0.902-0.984) in 1L and 0.853 (95% CI, 0.795-0.915) in 2L. Adjusting for crossover effects, HR was 0.887 in 1L and 0.775 in 2L. Over the 7-year follow-up, the mean rwOS benefit was 3.2 months for 1L and 2.7 months for 2L. IO significantly delayed rwTTNT in both 1L and 2L. The IO effects increased and persisted over time, with uncertainty in the time-varying HR estimate.
conclusionIO improves survival in patients with mNSCLC, though the effect size is smaller than in trials and long-term survival estimates are uncertain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.