ArticleBMC immunology2025
IL-6 and PD-1 antibody blockade combination therapy regulate inflammation and T lymphocyte apoptosis in murine model of sepsis.
Article in BMC immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Lysosome self-sorting nanodegraders for hepatic clearance of pathogenic serum mediators.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Secretory LGALS3BP exacerbates sepsis-associated liver dysfunction by activating inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Moxibustion combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies improves immunosuppression in septic mice potentially through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Exercise rejuvenates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells associated with the inhibition of inflammatory factors and senescence-related factors.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Cytokine storm in severe bacterial infections: A Mini-Review of molecular insights and treatment strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bench-to-Bedside Insights into the Challenges of Immunosuppression in Sepsis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells in the Septic Liver.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Novel insights into diagnosis and management of hyperreactivity: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Immunodynamic Disruption in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Strategies for Personalized Immunomodulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Mechanistic and therapeutic dimensions of DcR3-mediated immunomodulation in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Reassessing sepsis research: new clues for old players and new players for an old symptom to improve patient outcomes.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Vitamin C for sepsis: from mechanisms to individualized therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- The J-shaped association between the ratio of neutrophil counts to prognostic nutritional index and mortality in ICU patients with sepsis: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC database.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInterleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in sepsis-induced cytokine storm involving immune hyperactivation and early neutrophil activation. Programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) is associated with sepsis-induced immunosuppression and lymphocyte apoptosis. However, the effects of simultaneous blockade of IL-6 and PD-1 in a murine sepsis model are not well understood.
resultsIn this study, sepsis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). IL-6 blockade, PD-1 blockade, or combination of both was administered 24 h after CLP. Peripheral blood count, cytokine level, lymphocyte apoptosis in the spleen, neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and liver, and survival rate were measured. The mortality rate of the IL-6/PD-1 group was lower, though not statistically significant (p = 0.164), than that of CLP mice (75.0% vs. 91.7%). The IL-6/PD-1 group had lower neutrophil percentage and platelet count compared with the CLP group; no significant difference was observed in other cytokine levels. The IL-6/PD-1 group also showed reduced T lymphocyte apoptosis in the spleen and decreased neutrophil infiltration in the liver and lungs.
conclusionsIL-6/PD-1 dual blockade reduces neutrophil infiltration, lymphocyte apoptosis, and bacterial burden while preserving tissue integrity in sepsis. Although the improvement in survival was not statistically significant, these findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic approach in sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.