ArticleScientific reports2025
Health risk assessment via ingestion of disinfection by-products in drinking water.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biofilms and disinfection by-products in Mediterranean drinking water networks: effect of temperature on disinfection strategies.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Predictive Modeling of Bacterial Inactivation With Hydrogen Peroxide Over a Cobalt Ferrite Catalyst.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Health risk assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water on children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Ningbo city, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Disinfection is a critical process to ensure the safety of drinking water. To curb the spread of various bacteria and viruses, disinfectants are extensively employed in communities, hospitals, sewage treatment plants, and other settings. However, disinfectants can produce disinfection by-products (DBPs) that threaten human health. Despite their importance, research and systematic analyses of these risks remain limited. This study monitored DBPs in drinking water across 13 districts and counties in Hangzhou, conducting a risk assessment based on the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of 12 DBPs ranged from 0.01 µg/L to 120 µg/L, with levels in 2020-2022 generally exceeding those in 2018-2019. Notably, median concentrations of trichloromethane peaked at 18.00 µg/L in 2021. Most DBPs are detected at higher concentrations in the central and northern parts. However, the spatial distribution of DBPs in drinking water was determined to be random. The health risks associated with most DBPs were higher in 2021 compared to other years. Cancer risks of DBPs ranged between 10
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Registered trials
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