Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39805978›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles.

Sikander Ali, Huma Ijaz, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Rukhma, Najeeb Ullah, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Jalal Khan, Tariq Aziz, Ashwag Shami, Fahad Al-Asmari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sikander AliDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. dr.sikanderali@gcu.edu.pk.
Huma IjazDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Usman AhmadDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
RukhmaDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Najeeb UllahFood and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abid SarwarFood and Biotechnology Research Center, PCSIR Labs Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Jalal KhanBeijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business, University, Beijing, China.
Tariq AzizBeijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business, University, Beijing, China. iwockd@gmail.com.
Ashwag ShamiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad Al-AsmariDepartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD analysis showed hkl planes corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) planes at 2θ theta deg 38.3°, 40.8°, 64.5°, and 74.2°. The scanning electron microscopy reported the plate like round shaped morphology of the AgNPs. The zeta potential was examined to be -17.5 mV and a size distribution by intensity of 157.6 d. nm was observed. The EDX was employed to determine the purity of samples by reporting a strong peak of silver (Ag). The degradation activity was examined by photocatalytic removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from textile wastewater. The textile wastewater showed a decrease of methylene blue by 25% and 58.3%. The malachite green was also reduced by 33.3% and 60%, which was remarkably significant owing to the presence of the complex factor in the natural environment. The study sets a promising record to harbor the full potential of available food waste resource, such as spent black tea to form SBT-AgNPs and its application in the dye removal from textile waste. The multifaceted outcomes of this study resulted in an eco-friendly procedure, thereby reusing the waste material for environmental cleanup.

Indexed as

Malachite Green Photocatalytic DegradationMethylene BlueSilver nanoparticlesSpent black tea

Identifiers

PMID39805978
PMCPMC11730607

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.