ArticleScientific reports2025
Biocompatible autonomous self-healing PVA-CS/TA hydrogels based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- True Closed-Loop Recyclable Hydrogels Enabled by Imine Boronic Ester Crosslinking.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Lentinan-Based Multifunctional Composite Hydrogel for Wound Healing.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Self-healing hydrogels: mechanisms and applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Biodegradation · 2026Review
- Biomimetic polymers and their characterization: toward sustainable materials using synthetic biology.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Rational Design of Self-Healing Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength and Self-Healing Efficiency: A Short Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Flame-Retardant Polyvinyl Alcohol Materials: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Multifunctional Applications.Polymers · 2025Review
- Hydrogen Bond-Regulated Rapid Prototyping and Performance Optimization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Tannic Acid Hydrogels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The biocompatible autonomous self-healing hydrogels have great potential in biomedical applications. However, the fairly weak tensile strength of the hydrogels seriously hinders their application. Here, we introduced chitosan (CS) into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-tannic acid (TA) hydrogel and investigated the effects of the CS content, as CS can not only form reversible H bonds with PVA and TA but also form reversible electrostatic interactions with TA. Since the bond energy of electrostatic interaction is much stronger than that of the H bond, the tensile strength and self-healing properties of PVA-TA hydrogel can potentially be improved by adding the CS. The results suggested that when the PVA content and the total content of CS and TA were fixed (PVA: 30 wt.%; CS + TA: 3 wt.%) and the CS content was increased to 1 wt.%, the tensile strength of the PVA-CS/TA hydrogel could be up to 447 kPa, and the self-healing efficiency remained at 84% in 2 h. Compared with the reported self-healing hydrogels with similar biocompatibility and self-healing properties, whose tensile strength is usually less than 300 kPa, the PVA-CS/TA hydrogel prepared here shows a significant improvement in the tensile strength.
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Registered trials
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