Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39805045›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2025

Hypoxia-Initiated Supramolecular Free Radicals Induce Intracellular Polymerization for Precision Tumor Therapy.

Mian Tang, Zhiqing Yang, Xingchen Tang, He Ma, Beibei Xie, Jiang-Fei Xu, Cheng Gao, David Bardelang, Ruibing Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Radical Polymerization in Living Systems.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mian TangState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.
Zhiqing YangState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.
Xingchen TangKey Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
He MaKey Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Beibei XieState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4612-2260
Jiang-Fei XuKey Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8181-6113
Cheng GaoSchool of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0878-1679
David BardelangCNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille F-13397, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0318-5958
Ruibing WangState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9489-4241

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the development of various controlled release systems for antitumor therapies, off-target side effects remain a persistent challenge. In situ therapeutic synthesis from biocompatible substances offers a safer and more precise alternative. This study presents a hypoxia-initiated supramolecular free radical system capable of inducing intracellular polymerization, thereby disrupting the cytoskeleton and organelles within 4T1 cells. The system utilizes a 2:1 supramolecular host-guest complex of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and perylene diimide derivative (PDI), termed PDI+2CB[7], which is selectively reduced by the tumor's hypoxic and reducing environment to generate delocalized free radical anions. CB[7] effectively stabilizes these anions, enabling the PDI+2CB[7] complex to initiate free radical polymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) inside the 4T1 cells. The resulting in situ polymerization significantly disrupts tumor metabolism, leading to a strong antitumor response without systemic toxicity. This study demonstrates that stable, endogenous stimulus-induced supramolecular free radicals can trigger intracellular polymerization reactions, achieving a selective and effective antitumor therapy without conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsBridged-Ring CompoundsImidazolesImidesPeryleneAnimalsCell Line, TumorCucurbit(n)urilsFree RadicalsHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingImidazolidinesMacrocyclic CompoundsMethacrylatesMicePolymerizationAntineoplastic AgentsBridged-Ring Compoundscucurbit(7)urilCucurbit(n)urilsFree RadicalsHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ringhydroxyethyl methacrylateImidazolesImidazolidinesImidesMacrocyclic CompoundsMethacrylatesPeryleneperylenediimide

Identifiers

PMID39805045
PMCPMC11783515

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.