Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39802748›Full record

ArticleDrug, healthcare and patient safety2025

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Responsible Self-Medication Among Pharmacy Students: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Uganda.

Bukoli Brian, Narayana Goruntla, Bhavana Reddy Bommireddy, Bhavani M Mopuri, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq Mantargi, Durga Prasad Thammisetty, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Ebere Emilia Ayogu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug, healthcare and patient safety, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bukoli BrianDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.
Narayana GoruntlaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0003-2014-5357
Bhavana Reddy BommireddyResearch Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, AP, India.ORCID 0009-0000-8401-7448
Bhavani M MopuriResearch Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, AP, India.ORCID 0009-0002-5309-3338
Vigneshwaran EaswaranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8688-4825
Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq MantargiDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3719-6241
Durga Prasad ThammisettyDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Padmavathi School of Pharmacy, Tiruchanoor, Tirupathi, AP, India.ORCID 0000-0002-3867-5033
Sarad Pawar Naik BukkeDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0002-5693-2953
Tadele Mekuriya YadesaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0001-5151-2610
Ebere Emilia AyoguDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-1815-9821

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Rational self-medication (SM) practice among healthcare students is essential to promote the safe, effective, and economical use of medicines for self-diagnosed conditions. The study aimed to assess pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude, and practice about responsible self-medication. Methodology: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Ugandan pharmacy students for one month from March 1 to March 31, 2024. The study included students enrolled in diploma, bachelor, and master of pharmacy programs in Uganda. Informed consent was obtained online by asking a question regarding willingness to participate. A non-probable snowball sampling technique was used to recruit students. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographics, self-medication practices, knowledge, attitudes, and practices about responsible self-medication. We used binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with KAP regarding responsible self-medication. Results: The prevalence of self-medication practice among pharmacy students was 96.73%. The self-medication is most common in headache (78.97%), cold, and cough (79.91%) illnesses. Painkillers (90.19%) and antibiotics (53.97%) are the most common medicines used for self-medication. Most pharmacy students have good knowledge (87.38%) and a positive attitude (96.03%) toward responsible self-medication. However, only 27.34% of students practice rational self-medication. Participants' university and parents' professions were significantly associated with good knowledge of responsible self-medication. Whereas factors such as gender, residence, and type of illness were significantly associated with rational self-medication practice. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication was high among pharmacy students in Uganda. Painkillers and antibiotics are the most preferred drugs for self-medication. About 87.38% of pharmacy students have good knowledge, and 96.03% have a positive attitude toward responsible self-medication. Rational self-medication practice was low among students. We recommended training sessions to enhance safe self-medication practices among pharmacy students.

Indexed as

attitudeknowledgepharmacy studentspracticesself-medicationUganda

Identifiers

PMID39802748
PMCPMC11724675

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.