ArticleWomen in sport & physical activity journal2024
Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes.
Article in Women in sport & physical activity journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined glycerol and sodium bicarbonate elicits improvements in fluid retention and blood buffering capacity.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Approach to sport-savvy contraceptive counselling for athletes.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Review
- Monitoring Menstrual Health in Footballers: Considerations for Tracking Menstrual and Hormonal Contraceptive Cycles in the Field to Support Performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Injury History in Adult Amateur Female Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Selected LEAF-Q Items.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Menstrual Health in Servicewomen: The Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Disturbances, and Occupational Consequences.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Self-Reported Symptomatic Experiences Attributed to the Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Norwegian Women: The Effect of Training Categories and Age Groups - The FENDURA Project.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Impact of the menstrual cycle and barriers to football and futsal performance in Portuguese players: a survey-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: The present scientific consensus is that the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle only influence performance trivially. Nevertheless, athletes perceive changes in performance that they associate with different phases of their hormonal cycle. Methods: A total of 959 female athletes completed a questionnaire, of which 750 were included in the present analysis. The questionnaire included questions about demographics and experiences of the MC and HC (symptoms, perceived impact on performance characteristics). Results: In total, 55% of athletes reported a natural MC while 45% reported HC use. Meanwhile, 56% of all athletes reported a decline in perceived performance during the bleeding or inactive phase, whereas 26% of all athletes reported no changes in performance over their hormonal cycle. All athletes reported an average of 10 ± 7 symptoms during hormonal cycles. The naturally menstruating (NM) group reported more symptoms than the HC group ( Conclusions: Perceived negative effects on performance were similar in both NM and HC groups while perceived mental performance (e.g., mood and attention) appeared to be most affected by both MC and HC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.