Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39802304›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025

Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Dimitra V Pouliopoulou, Nicole Billias, Joy C MacDermid, Erin Miller, Kelly K O'Brien, Kieran L Quinn, Monali S Malvankar-Mehta, Tiago V Pereira, Angela M Cheung, Fahad Razak and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06156176 (Pursuing Reduction in Fatigue After COVID-19 Via Exercise and Rehabilitation), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06156176 narecruitingnot on this map

Pursuing Reduction in Fatigue After COVID-19 Via Exercise and Rehabilitation (PREFACER): A Randomized Feasibility Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorLawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sRan2025 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsLong-COVID, Long COVID-19, Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, Post-COVID SyndromeArmsCOVIDEx
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. HIV Infection and Long COVID: A RECOVER Program, Electronic Health Record-Based Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Dimitra V PouliopoulouSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Nicole BilliasSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Joy C MacDermidSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Erin MillerSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Kelly K O'BrienDepartment of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kieran L QuinnTemerty Faculty of Medicine, Sinai Health and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Monali S Malvankar-MehtaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Tiago V PereiraNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
Angela M CheungUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Fahad RazakUnity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Saverio StrangesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Pavlos BobosSchool of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Given the chronic immune activation and inflammatory milieu associated with Long COVID and HIV, we assessed the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV; and investigated whether adults living with HIV were associated with increased chance of developing Long COVID compared to adults living without HIV. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PubMed and CENTRAL from inception until June 14th, 2024, for observational studies that measured the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV and the odds of developing Long COVID following a SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV compared to people living without HIV. Reviews, case reports, randomised control trials and editorials were excluded. The search was conducted without language restrictions. We performed meta-analysis of proportions to synthesise prevalence estimates using logit transformation and a sensitivity analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression. We used random-effects meta-analyses to summarize the odds ratio (OR) of developing Long COVID in adults living with HIV compared to adults living without HIV and conducted a sensitivity analysis including only studies with covariate-adjusted estimates that was planned a-priori. We used ROBINS-E for the risk of bias assessment and GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence. We identified statistical heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and quantified it using the I Findings: Our search returned 831 results, of which 8 studies (4489 participants) were deemed eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of Long COVID in adults with HIV was 43% (95% CI: 32-54%, 8 studies; 1227 participants; low certainty, I Interpretation: Current evidence indicates that the prevalence of Long COVID in adults living with HIV may be high, suggesting the need for increased awareness and education of healthcare providers and policy makers. Evidence on whether HIV positivity increases the risk of Long COVID is limited and inconclusive, highlighting a need for further research to clarify this potential association. Funding: None.

Indexed as

HIVLong COVIDmeta-analysisOdds ratioPrevalenceSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39802304
PMCPMC11721256

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.