Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39802044›Full record

ReviewGlobal challenges (Hoboken, NJ)2025

Advances in Porous Structure Design for Enhanced Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Comprehensive Review.

Zhassulan Turar, Merey Sembay, Assem Mubarak, Ayaulym Belgibayeva, Long Kong, Gulnur Kalimuldina

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Porous Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Load Sensing of Total Knee Replacement.IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics : a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhassulan TurarDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
Merey SembayDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
Assem MubarakDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
Ayaulym BelgibayevaNational Laboratory Astana Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
Long KongXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710129 China.
Gulnur KalimuldinaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-3217

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porous structures offer several key advantages in energy harvesting, making them highly effective for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (PENG and TENG). Their high surface area-to-volume ratio improves charge accumulation and electrostatic induction, which are critical for efficient energy conversion. Additionally, their lightweight and flexible nature allows for easy integration into wearable and flexible electronics. These combined properties make porous materials a powerful solution for addressing the efficiency limitations that have traditionally restricted nanogenerators. Recognizing these benefits, this review focuses on the essential role that porous materials play in advancing PENG and TENG technologies. It examines a wide range of porous materials, including aerogels, nano-porous films, sponges, and 2D materials, explaining how their unique structures contribute to higher energy harvesting efficiency. The review also explores recent breakthroughs in the development of these materials, demonstrating how they overcome performance challenges and open up new possibilities for practical applications. These advancements position porous nanogenerators as strong candidates for use in wearable electronics, smart textiles, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. By exploring these innovations, the review underscores the importance of porous structures in driving the future of energy harvesting technologies.

Indexed as

energy harvestingpiezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG)porous materialsself‐powered sensorstriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)

Identifiers

PMID39802044
PMCPMC11717670

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.