Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39802000›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

Evaluation of treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing and field measurement results in women's youth and adult national team water polo players.

Mark Zamodics, Mate Babity, Attila Mihok, Csaba Bognar, Agnes Bucsko-Varga, Panka Kulcsar, Dora Boroncsok, Regina Benko, Alexandra Fabian, Balint Lakatos and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Mark ZamodicsHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Mate BabityHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Attila MihokHungarian Water Polo Federation, Budapest, 100, Alfred Hajos National Pool Complex, Hungary.
Csaba BognarHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Agnes Bucsko-VargaHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Panka KulcsarHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Dora BoroncsokHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Regina BenkoHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Alexandra FabianHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Balint LakatosHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Hajnalka VagoHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Attila KovacsHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Bela MerkelyHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.
Orsolya KissHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1122, Gaal Jozsef Street 9, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The benefits of treadmill-based cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are well known. However, water polo trainings involve completely different movements in a distinct environment. Our objective was to analyze data from elite youth and adult water polo players, gathered through CPET and age- and sport-specific swimming tests. Resting and exercise heart rate, as well as lactate levels, were examined at specific time points during both assessments. Additionally, maximal aerobic capacity was evaluated during the CPET. Forty-six female water polo players were examined (age:18.5 ± 5.9 y, adults:19). No significant differences were found between CPET and swimming tests for resting heart rate (75[IQR:65-85] vs. 71[IQR:63-81] BPM, p = 0.33) and lactate levels (1.5[IQR:1.1-1.7] vs. 1.5[IQR:1.3-1.7] mM, p = 0.33). Maximal heart rates were higher during CPET than swimming (196.3 ± 9.7vs.191.0 ± 12.5 BPM, p < 0.001), while maximal lactate levels were lower (8.4 ± 2.4vs.9.6 ± 2.7 mM, p < 0.05). Lactate levels remained elevated after routine cool-down swimming ordered by the trainers, but decreased after suggested further training (6.6 ± 2.7vs.3.7 ± 1.6 mM, p < 0.001). Comparing the youth (<18y) and the adult (≥18y) players, no differences in relative maximal aerobic capacity (44.4 ± 4.8vs.44.9 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, p = 0.72) and in peak lactate values (8.2 ± 2.7vs.8.7 ± 1.9 mM, p = 0.48) were observed in CPET examinations, while maximal heart rates were higher in the youth group (200.7 ± 7.2vs.190.1 ± 9.6 BPM, p < 0.001). Similarly, maximal lactate levels showed no differences (9.1 ± 2.6vs.10.4 ± 2.7 mM, p = 0.13), while maximal heart rates were higher in the youth group during swimming examinations (197.7 ± 10.0vs.181.4 ± 8.9 BPM, p < 0.001). The combined use of both exercise tests enables the assessment of maximal physiological parameters (heart rate, lactate, aerobic capacity) during different types and intensities of physical exercise and identifies differences across age groups, facilitating the design of a more personalized and effective training program.

Indexed as

AthleteCardiopulmonary exercise testingField measurementPhysical fitness evaluation

Identifiers

PMID39802000
PMCPMC11719302

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.