ArticleCureus2025
Dental Caries and Smoking Behaviors Among High School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Closing the gap in oral hygiene: prevalence of twice-daily toothbrushing among adults in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking prevalence and emerging tobacco product use among Saudi adolescents: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdolescence is critical for developing lifelong health habits, including oral hygiene. While the effects of smoking on oral health are well-documented in adults, research focusing on adolescents remains limited.
objectiveThis paper aims to investigate the prevalence of smoking and its relationship with oral health outcomes, socioeconomic variables, and oral hygiene practices among high school students in Madinah. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 2,514 high school students (
resultsThe prevalence of smoking among participants was 8.6% (
conclusionsSmoking prevalence among high school students in Madinah was 8.6%, with higher rates observed among males and students attending public schools. Smoking was associated with poorer self-rated oral health and less frequent brushing habits. These findings highlight the need for targeted oral health education and smoking prevention programs in schools to address modifiable risk factors and promote healthier behaviors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.