Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39801216›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025

3D Bioprinted Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Model Using Tunicate Derived Nanocellulose (NC) Bioink.

Alexya Azhakesan, Johann Kern, Ankit Mishra, Christine Selhuber-Unkel, Annette Affolter, Paul Gatenholm, Nicole Rotter, Karen Bieback

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alexya AzhakesanMedical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Otorhinolarynlogy, Head and Neck Surgery, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2482-5974
Johann KernMedical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Otorhinolarynlogy, Head and Neck Surgery, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4906-354X
Ankit MishraInstitute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Christine Selhuber-UnkelInstitute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5051-4822
Annette AffolterMedical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Otorhinolarynlogy, Head and Neck Surgery, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
Paul Gatenholm3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
Nicole RotterMedical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Otorhinolarynlogy, Head and Neck Surgery, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1537-8340
Karen BiebackInstitute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2621-0703

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft RTG 2154German Excellence Strategy 2082/1-390761711 (3D Matter Made to Order)Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg 33-7533-6-1522 / 10/4Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg BW6_07
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are invasive solid tumors accounting for high mortality. To improve the clinical outcome, a better understanding of the tumor and its microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Three -dimensional (3D) bioprinting is emerging as a powerful tool for recreating the TME in vitro. To establish long-term HNSCC bioprinted constructs for personalized drug-testing, this proof-of-principle study aims to compare two different innovative tunicate-derived nanocellulose (NC) hydrogels against the widely used semi-synthetic gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Cell lines of different tumor origin sites are printed in TEMPO and Carboxy-NC, and GelMA in alginate (GelMAA). Both NC hydrogels show higher bioprintability than GelMAA. Carboxy-NC supported long-term HNSCC survival, proliferation, and maintenance of epithelial phenotype in 3D bioprinted constructs similar to GelMAA. The hydrogel microstructure revealed differences in pore size. Importantly, the established HNSCC bioprinted model allowed the testing of radiochemotherapy (RCT) both in cell lines and patient-derived cultures. Compared to a spheroid model, the cytotoxic effects are less, better reflecting the response in patients. The proof-of-principle findings indicate that Carboxy-NC is a viable alternative to gelatin-based bioink with improved bioprintability allowing personalized drug-testing. By adding other cell-types of the TME, this model can be advanced to a heterotypic one.

Indexed as

BioprintingCelluloseHead and Neck NeoplasmsPrinting, Three-DimensionalSquamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckUrochordataAlginatesCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCell SurvivalGelatinHumansHydrogelsInkMethacrylatesTissue ScaffoldsAlginatesCelluloseGelatingelatin methacryloylHydrogelsMethacrylates3D Bio‐printing3D tumor modelbioinkhead and neck squamous cell carcinomananocellulose

Identifiers

PMID39801216
PMCPMC11912098

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.