ArticleHepatology international2025
Burden, trends, and predictions of liver cancer in China, Japan, and South Korea: analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Hepatology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing pricing and affordability of HBV treatment in Japan.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- Nationwide Socioeconomic Evaluation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Japan Between 2014 and 2023.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Global liver cancer burden attributed to high body mass index: trends, projections, and its relationship with socioeconomic development status (1990-2021).European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Global Burden and Future Trends of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Adolescents and Young Adults, 1990-2045: A Predictive Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Using period analysis to timely provide serial data on long-term survival for liver cancer patients from China.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Disease burden and prediction of liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks in five East Asian countries from 1990 to 2023.PloS one · 2026Article
- The global cancer crisis: a review of growing burden, deepening inequality and initiatives for prevention and early detection.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Review
- Emerging Role of Sirtuins-Mediated Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Comparison and trend analysis of cancer incidence in China and globally in 2022.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Disparities, trends, and projections of cancer mortality burden related to high body mass index in China from 2005 to 2030.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal study of factors associated with the anti-cancer efficacy and liver function in HCC patients treated with TACE in combination with percutaneous ablation.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Burden, trends and projections of liver cancer in China and G20 countries: a comparative study based on the global burden of disease database 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLiver cancer (LC) is a major concern in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in China, Korea, and Japan. In this study, we aimed to investigate the burden, trends, and predictions related to LC in these countries.
methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the epidemiological characteristics [incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)] for LC were analysed and stratified by specific etiologies in China, Japan, and South Korea. We examined temporal trends in LC burden over the last 32 years and projected changes over the following 25 years. The risk factors associated with LC deaths and DALYs were also investigated.
resultsIn 2021, the highest LC-related incidence, mortality, and DALYs were recorded in China (196,637 incidents, 172,068 mortalities, and 4,890,023 DALYs), and the lowest in South Korea (18,642 incidents, 13,674 deaths, and 326,336 DALYs). South Korea recorded the highest age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, mortality, and DALYs for LC (19.94 per 100,000, 14.53 per 100,000, and 354.57 per 100,000), and Japan the lowest (9.89, 7.29, and 145.74, respectively). From 1990 to 2021, LC incidents and deaths in the three countries increased, and the trends in ASRs decreased. LC incidents and deaths caused by five etiologies also increased in the past 32 years, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was the largest increasing etiologies in China. Infections with hepatitis B virus remained the leading cause of LC in China and South Korea, while hepatitis C virus was the prevailing cause in Japan. High body mass index (BMI) was the most sharply increasing risk factor in China. Alcohol and drug use were the main risk factors for LC in South Korea and Japan, respectively. The LC burden in the three countries was projected to rise steadily between 2022 and 2046.
conclusionsLC remains a significant disease burden in China, Japan, and South Korea now and over the next 25 years. Regarding etiologies and risk factors, NASH and high BMI in China, alcohol use in South Korea, and drug use in Japan should receive significant attention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.