SynthesisChemosphere2025
Associations between exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors and markers of thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Chemosphere, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in depressive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Implications of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals for Human Health and Effective Methods for Prevention and Reduction.Toxics · 2026Review
- Review
- Ingested nitrate and nitrite, drinking water disinfection by-products, and incidence of thyroid cancer among licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in the Agricultural Health Study.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota in Graves' disease: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are well-known sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake at the thyroid, affecting thyroid function. However, the associations between NIS inhibitor exposure and thyroid function are not well summarized in humans.
objectiveWe aimed to summarize associations between NIS inhibitor exposure and thyroid function markers and to identify key information gaps for future studies.
methodsFrom four databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL plus) up to May 31, 2024, we systematically searched studies that examined associations between levels of the three NIS inhibitors and thyroid hormones, including free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We also conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effect size of the associations between NIS inhibitor levels and thyroid function marker levels.
resultsOf 2,588 identified studies, we selected 9 studies for full-text review and 4 studies for a meta-analysis. The association between perchlorate and TSH was primarily studied and only three studies considered iodine concentrations. As a result of a meta-analysis, TSH levels were positively associated with levels of combined NIS inhibitors [β: 0.105; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.046, 0.160] and perchlorate [β = 0.133; 95% CI: 0.056, 0.211]. We found negative trends between NIS inhibitors and FT3 and TT4 and positive but nonsignificant trends between FT3 and perchlorate and between TT4 and thiocyanate.
conclusionsOur study provided comprehensive evidence on the association between exposure to NIS inhibitors and thyroid function markers in humans, aligning with the mechanisms observed in in vivo studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.