Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39796900›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Key Parameters for Performance and Resilience Modeling of 3D Time-of-Flight Cameras Under Consideration of Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Phase Noise Wiggling.

Niklas Alexander Köhler, Marcel Geis, Claudius Nöh, Alexandra Mielke, Volker Groß, Robert Lange, Keywan Sohrabi, Jochen Frey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Niklas Alexander KöhlerDepartment of Health, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2962-1308
Marcel GeisDepartment of Health, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1929-2205
Claudius NöhDepartment of Health, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5650-4177
Alexandra MielkeInstitute of Safety and Security Research (ISF), Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-1749-8220
Volker GroßDepartment of Health, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0976-8986
Robert LangeInstitute of Safety and Security Research (ISF), Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4567-6907
Keywan SohrabiDepartment of Health, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6279-6097
Jochen FreyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1765-912X

Funding

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 13GW0298B
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Because of their resilience, Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are now essential components in scientific and industrial settings. This paper outlines the essential factors for modeling 3D ToF cameras, with specific emphasis on analyzing the phenomenon known as "wiggling". Through our investigation, we demonstrate that wiggling not only causes systematic errors in distance measurements, but also introduces periodic fluctuations in statistical measurement uncertainty, which compounds the dependence on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Armed with this knowledge, we developed a new 3D camera model, which we then made computationally tractable. To illustrate and evaluate the model, we compared measurement data with simulated data of the same scene. This allowed us to individually demonstrate various effects on the signal-to-noise ratio, reflectivity, and distance.

Indexed as

absolute phase wigglingamplitude wigglingcamera characterizationcamera modelingphase noise wigglingsensor resilienceTime-of-Flight (ToF)

Identifiers

PMID39796900
PMCPMC11722896

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.