ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Modulate Macrophage Phenotypes and Inflammatory Interactions in Pulpal and Periodontal Tissues.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The immunomodulatory power of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in bone disorders: A comprehensive review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation significantly influences cellular communication in the oral environment, impacting tissue repair and regeneration. This study explores the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in modulating macrophage polarization and osteoblast differentiation. SCAPs were treated with LPS for 24 h, and sEVs from untreated (SCAP-sEVs) and LPS-treated SCAP (LPS-SCAP-sEVs) were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. LPS-SCAP-sEVs exhibited characteristic exosome morphology (~100 nm diameter) and expressed vesicular markers (CD9, CD63, CD81, and HSP70). Functional analysis revealed that LPS-SCAP-sEVs promoted M1 macrophage polarization, as evidenced by the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and the reduced anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and CD206), while impairing the M2 phenotype. Additionally, LPS-SCAP-sEVs had a minimal impact on SCAP metabolic activity or osteogenic gene expression but significantly reduced mineralization capacity in osteogenic conditions. These findings suggest that sEVs mediate the inflammatory interplay between SCAP and macrophages, skewing macrophage polarization toward a pro-inflammatory state and hindering osteoblast differentiation. Understanding this sEV-driven communication axis provides novel insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying inflammation in oral tissues and highlights potential therapeutic targets for modulating extracellular vesicle activity during acute inflammatory episodes.
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