Effect of rPET Content and Preform Heating/Cooling Conditions in the Stretch Blow Molding Process on Microcavitation and Solid-State Post-Condensation of vPET-rPET Blend: Part II-Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Tests.

Paweł Wawrzyniak, Waldemar Karaszewski, Marta Safandowska, Rafał Idczak

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Effect of rPET Content and Preform Heating/Cooling Conditions in the Stretch Blow Molding Process on Microcavitation and Solid-State Post-Condensation of vPET-rPET Blend: Part I-Research Methodology and Results.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Paweł WawrzyniakFaculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 84 Ludwika Narbutta Street, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0494-7213

Waldemar KaraszewskiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3085-9468

Marta SafandowskaCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9055-487X

Rafał IdczakFaculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wroclaw, 9 Maxa Born Square, 50-204 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4001-8649

Funding

Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering of Warsaw University of Technology No grant numberFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology of Gdańsk University of Technology No grant numberTES Sp. z o.o. No grant number

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research explores how varying proportions of virgin polyethylene terephthalate (vPET) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) in vPET-rPET blends, combined with preform thermal conditions during the stretch blow molding (SBM) process, influence PET bottles' microscopic characteristics. Key metrics such as viscosity, density, crystallinity, amorphous phase relaxation, and microcavitation were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis, including Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its power, supported the interpretation of results. The first part of the work details the experimental design and statistical methods. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and amorphous phase density analysis revealed reduced free volume size, a substantial increase in free volume quantity, and a transformation toward ellipsoidal geometries, highlighting significant structural changes in the material. At the same time, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and PALS studies indicate that the solid-state post-condensation effect (SSPC) is linked with microcavitation through post-condensation product diffusion. The conclusions, which resulted from the microstructure analysis, affected the material's mechanical strength and were validated by pressure resistance tests of the bottles.

Indexed as

microcavitationPET recyclingpositron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS)power of ANOVA test in DOEresponse surface methodology (RSM)SBM processsolid-state post-condensation (SSPC)

Identifiers

PMID39795682

DOI10.3390/ma18010036

PMCPMC11721359

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.