Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39794722›Full record

ArticleBMC ophthalmology2025

Astigmatism in Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Babak Masoomian, Hayder Ali Mahmood, Kimia Daneshvar, Ali Majdi

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Masoud Khorrami-NejadOptometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. dr.khorraminejad@gmail.com.
Mohammad Reza AkbariTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Babak MasoomianTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hayder Ali MahmoodOptometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kimia DaneshvarTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ali MajdiMedical Laboratories Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo compare the prevalence, magnitude, and type of astigmatism among patients with different Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) types.

methodThis retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the records of 312 DRS patients. Patients were categorized into DRS Types 1, 2, 3, and bilateral cases. Refractive errors and visual acuity were analyzed, emphasizing the prevalence of astigmatism types, specifically with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR), and oblique, as well as the power vectors for each DRS subtype.

resultsOur study included 312 patients with DRS, comprising 44.6% males and a median age of 18.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 7-27). Of these, 280 had unilateral DRS and 32 had bilateral DRS. The median age for unilateral DRS patients was 19 years (IQR: 7-27; 43.2% males), whereas for bilateral DRS patients, it was 16 years (IQR: 6-29.2; 56.3% males). In all DRS patients, 180 (57.7%) were diagnosed with Type 1 DRS, 87 (27.9%) with Type 2 DRS, and 45 (14.4%) with Type 3 DRS. In unilateral cases, WTR astigmatism was the most prevalent (56.8%), followed by oblique (23.6%) and ATR astigmatism (19.6%). Bilateral DRS patients exhibited a similar distribution in both eyes, with WTR astigmatism also being predominant. The comparative analysis of power vectors indicated that Type 1 DRS exhibited a greater prevalence of WTR and oblique astigmatism, whereas ATR astigmatism was the predominant pattern in Types 2 and 3. A comparison of cylindrical powers and power vectors among fellow eyes of different DRS subtypes revealed that Type 2 DRS had significantly higher cylindrical power (p = 0.017) and a greater tendency toward ATR astigmatism (p = 0.038) than fellow eyes in other subtypes, suggesting that astigmatic changes may also occur in fellow eyes.

conclusionOur study demonstrates a high prevalence of astigmatism, particularly WTR astigmatism, in DRS patients. Furthermore, we found significant associations between specific astigmatism patterns and DRS subtypes, suggesting a potential link between extraocular muscle innervation, co-contraction, and corneal shape. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive astigmatism assessment in DRS patients for optimal refractive management.

Indexed as

AstigmatismDuane Retraction SyndromeRefraction, OcularVisual AcuityAdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultAstigmatismDuane retraction syndromePower vectorsRefractive errors

Identifiers

PMID39794722
PMCPMC11724463

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.