Trial reportNature medicine2025
Autologous macrophage therapy for liver cirrhosis: a phase 2 open-label randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Integrative Medicine for Liver Fibrosis: Bioactive Constituents and Therapeutic Potential of Scutellaria baicalensis.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
- Fibroblasts: a diverse population of cells balancing homeostasis, wound healing, regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer across organs.JCI insight · 2026Review
- In vivo generation of fibrolytic macrophages via LNP-CSF1 mRNA attenuates liver fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-specific circular RNA circHIPK2, inflammation, and fibrosis after myocardial infarction.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Soft fibrin matrix instructs macrophage M2 polarization via FABP4-mediated enhancement of fatty acid β-oxidation to alleviate MASH.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dysfunctional macrophages along the gut-liver axis: a driver of infection in cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell Therapy in Advanced Cirrhosis: From Preclinical Evidence to Clinical Application.Gastro hep advances · 2026Review
- Targeting macrophages in liver fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial immune niche remodeling of the neutrophil-macrophage axis inchronic liver disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Key Experimental Therapeutics and Knowledge Gaps in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH).Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- The macrophage opera: from metabolic prolog to oncogenic crescendo in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage duality in liver diseases: heterogeneity, plasticity, and the quest for precision therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune activation and response dynamics of human iPSC-derived macrophages in tuberculosis infection models.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- The gene regulatory networks shaping macrophage plasticity and altered function in fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; however, there are no approved therapies except orthotopic liver transplantation. Preclinical studies showed that bone-marrow-derived macrophage injections reduce inflammation, resolve fibrosis and stimulate liver regeneration. In a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 randomized controlled trial ( ISRCTN10368050 ) in n = 51 adult patients with compensated cirrhosis and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥10 and ≤17, we evaluated the efficacy of autologous monocyte-derived macrophage therapy (n = 27) compared to standard medical care (n = 24). The primary endpoint was the difference in baseline to day 90 change in MELD score (ΔMELD) between treatment and control groups (ΔΔMELD). Secondary endpoints included adverse clinical outcomes, non-invasive fibrosis biomarkers and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 90 d, 180 d and 360 d. The ΔΔMELD between day 0 and day 90 in the treatment group compared to controls was -0.87 (95% confidence interval: -1.79, 0.0; P = 0.06); therefore, the primary endpoint was not met. During 360-d follow-up, five of 24 participants in the control group developed a total of 10 severe adverse events, four of which were liver related, and three deaths (two liver related), whereas no liver-related severe adverse events or deaths occurred in the treatment group. Although no differences were observed in biomarkers or HRQoL, exploratory analysis showed anti-inflammatory serum cytokine profiles after macrophage infusion. This study reinforces the safety and potential efficacy of macrophage therapy in cirrhosis, supporting further investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.