ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Release of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) from pentameric IgM in serum predicts prognosis after hemodialysis initiation.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A kidney-protective mechanism via cellular oxidative stress reduction induced by CD5L protein.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage (AIM) Modulates Calcium Oxalate-Induced Ureteral Fibrosis in AIM-Felinized Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe optimal timing for initiating dialysis and prognostic markers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are under debate, with mortality and cardiovascular risks varying among patients. This study investigates whether the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), which is mostly bound to pentameric IgM, could serve as an effective indicator.
methodsWe prospectively followed 423 patients at dialysis initiation and 563 at various CKD stages. AIM dissociation from IgM and other serum components were measured in their serum samples. In vitro treatment of IgM-AIM complexes with their serum was conducted to assess AIM release from IgM. Survival analysis determined the associations of each variable with mortality and cardiovascular risk, and a cutoff value was calculated and validated using cross-validation.
resultsAIM dissociation from IgM increases with CKD progression and correlates with the serum uremic state, as shown by enhanced AIM release from IgM in vitro with sera from patients starting dialysis, but not those at earlier CKD stages. Patients at dialysis initiation with high proportion of serum IgM-free AIM (fAIM%) show elevated uremic toxins and other toxic metabolites, higher mortality, and increased cardiovascular risk compared to those with low fAIM%. This prognostic association is not seen with other CKD biomarkers, such as eGFR, creatinine, or inositol-phosphate. We determined the fAIM% cutoff of 46.27%, which predicts mortality two years post-dialysis initiation.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that the serum fAIM% could function as a prognostic marker at dialysis initiation and may have potential as a criterion for determining dialysis timing.
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Registered trials
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