ArticlePlacenta2025
Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP): Is it exclusively placental?
Article in Placenta, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting the GSK-3β/mTOR axis: a novel pharmacological strategy for preeclampsia prevention and treatment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Emerging Roles of Protein Lipidation in Fertility and Reproductive Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Proteomic Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition Signature in Fetoplacental Small Extracellular Vesicles of Early-Onset Preeclampsia.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Isolation Strategy Matters: How Tissue Processing Shapes the Composition of Placental Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse pregnancies outcomes present a clinical dilemma in Perinatal medicine. This is partly due to lack of accuracy of current biomarkers to predict high-risk pregnancies at an earlier stage. The placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their cargo have been reported as a source of biomarkers for placental health and an indication of pre-eclampsia progression.
objectivesWe postulate that PLAP is not only placental but also expressed in other fetal organs, suggesting that PLAP + ve EVs are not only a functional indicator of placental function alone.
methodsWe evaluated PLAP in the placenta, fetal membranes, maternal decidua, myometrial cells, and the EVs derived from them. Various bioanalytical techniques were used to detect PLAP expressions in the cells and EVs. The EVs were characterized by size/quantity, PLAP as a cargo, and canonical EV protein markers.
resultsPLAP expression was determined in the chorion trophoblast cells (CTCs) of the fetal membranes and the placental trophoblasts; however, it was absent in the amnion layer of the fetal membranes and the maternal uterine cells used in this study. Using multiple experimental approaches, we further verified the cellular sources of PLAP and confirmed that the EVs from the chorion and placental trophoblasts contain PLAP.
conclusionOur studies suggest that PLAP is not truly placental. Instead, cells of trophoblast lineage in both fetal membranes and the placenta express PLAP in cells and their EVs. Although PLAP + ve EVs for biomarkers are not exclusively placental, they still represent real-time fetal-specific tissues conditions during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.