Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39793072›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Genesis and regulation of C-terminal cyclic imides from protein damage.

Wenqing Xu, Zhenguang Zhao, Matthew Su, Atul D Jain, Hannah C Lloyd, Ethan Yang Feng, Nick Cox, Christina M Woo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to C-Terminal Cyclic Imide Formation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Repair of Isoaspartyl Residues by PCMT1 and Kidney Fibrosis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025
    Article
  11. Genesis and regulation of C-terminal cyclic imides from protein damage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Wenqing XuDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0001-7385-3141
Zhenguang ZhaoDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Matthew SuDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Atul D JainNovo Nordisk R&D US, Lexington, MA 02421.
Hannah C LloydDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Ethan Yang FengDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Nick CoxNovo Nordisk R&D US, Lexington, MA 02421.
Christina M WooDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0001-8687-9105

Funding

Uncovering the substrate recognition mechanisms of the E3 ligase adaptor cereblonR01GM141406 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI WOO, CHRISTINA · 2022 to 2025
$1.3M
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM141406NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM141406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

C-Terminal cyclic imides are posttranslational modifications that can arise from spontaneous intramolecular cleavage of asparagine or glutamine residues resulting in a form of irreversible protein damage. These protein damage events are recognized and removed by the E3 ligase substrate adapter cereblon (CRBN), indicating that these aging-related modifications may require cellular quality control mechanisms to prevent deleterious effects. However, the factors that determine protein or peptide susceptibility to C-terminal cyclic imide formation or their effect on protein stability have not been explored in detail. Here, we characterize the primary and secondary structures of peptides and proteins that promote intrinsic formation of C-terminal cyclic imides in comparison to deamidation, a related form of protein damage. Extrinsic effects from solution properties and stressors on the cellular proteome additionally promote C-terminal cyclic imide formation on proteins like glutathione synthetase that are susceptible to aggregation if the protein damage products are not removed by CRBN. This systematic investigation provides insight into the regions of the proteome that are prone to these unexpectedly frequent modifications, the effects of this form of protein damage on protein stability, and the biological role of CRBN.

Indexed as

Protein Processing, Post-TranslationalAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingHumansImidesProtein StabilityProteomeUbiquitin-Protein LigasesAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingImidesProteomeUbiquitin-Protein Ligasescereblondeamidationpost-translational modificationprotein aggregationprotein damage

Identifiers

PMID39793072
PMCPMC11725857

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.