ArticleCureus2024
A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method to Determine Tramadol Abuse Using Urine Samples.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background The synthetic opioid tramadol is widely used as a pain reliever. Unlike other opioids, it is used freely worldwide, unaffected by international controls resulting in abuse and accidental intoxication. Analytical methods are necessary to prove tramadol abuse because 30% of the drug is excreted unchanged. Methodology This study describes a sensitive, precise, and accurate gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for tramadol quantification in biological samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation. Results A total of 747 samples were analyzed for suspected tramadol abuse; 15% of samples were above cut-off with a mean of 341.0 ± 215 ng/mL. No interference from other substances was detected. Calibration was linear over the concentration range of 50-1,000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of >0.998. Recovery was 92.5% and precision was ≤5% (range = 2.68-5.58%). Conclusions The effectiveness of the SPE in assessing tramadol abuse was assessed with GC-MS. With good recovery, quick analysis times, simplicity, little matrix effect, and effectiveness, this method is regarded as novel and is capable of identifying abuse.
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Registered trials
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