Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39790082›Full record

ArticleEquine veterinary journal2025

Factors influencing equine veterinarians' job satisfaction and retention: A focus group study.

Kristen Whitaker, Audrey Burnette, Jean-Yin Tan, Meggan Graves, Julie Hunt, Elizabeth Devine, Stacy Anderson, Katherine Kirkendall, Lauren Wisnieski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Equine veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kristen WhitakerRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Audrey BurnetteDebusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Jean-Yin TanUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-4478
Meggan GravesUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine (UTCVM), Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-4402
Julie HuntRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Elizabeth DevineRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Stacy AndersonRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Katherine KirkendallRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.
Lauren WisnieskiRichard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-2529

Funding

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a shortage of equine veterinarians. Understanding what factors are associated with job satisfaction in equine veterinarians can inform interventions to increase retention in equine medicine.

objectiveTo explore the prominent factors causing work dissatisfaction and burnout in equine veterinarians. STUDY

designQualitative research study consisting of semi-structured focus groups.

methodsThirty-seven current and former equine veterinarians across the United States were recruited via snowball and convenience sampling to answer questions on work history, work-life balance, and perceptions of equine practice. Transcripts were analysed in Delve and coded in the context of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. A card sorting activity was used to rank the four types of resources in the COR theory (condition, object, energy, and personal).

resultsCondition resources were the most frequently mentioned reasons for work dissatisfaction. These included issues with discrimination or bias due to age, race/ethnicity, and gender, unpredictable and long hours, and heavy workloads. Object resources, such as equipment, were rarely mentioned. Energy resources, including pay and student loan debt, were influential, with most participants feeling that equine veterinarians are underpaid. Personal resources, such as problem-solving skills and enjoyment in helping others, improved job satisfaction. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Although recruiting efforts prioritised perspectives of black, indigenous, and people of colour, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus identities, and members with disabilities, demographic information was not directly collected.

conclusionsThe main barriers to equine veterinary retention included a lack of work-life balance, long hours, lower-than-expected pay, and issues with discrimination and bias. This study highlights areas for intervention to improve the equine veterinary field, such as higher pay, rural practice incentives, and effective diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) efforts. A shift toward caseload-sharing between veterinarians could help alleviate excessive emergency on-call and burnout.

Indexed as

Job SatisfactionVeterinariansAdultAnimalsFemaleFocus GroupsHorsesHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited Statesburnoutconservation of resource theoryhorsequalitativeveterinarywork–life balance

Identifiers

PMID39790082
PMCPMC12508282

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.