Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39789628›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

The combined effects of goal attributes, motivational beliefs, creativity and grit on self-regulation in online ill-structured problem solving: a fsQCA approach.

Huanhuan Wang, Shaofeng Wang, Ahmed Tlili, Mengti Li, Dong Yang, Michael Agyemang Adarkwah, Xixian Zhu, Ling Zhu, Ronghuai Huang, Hongyan Kuai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Huanhuan WangNational Engineering Research Center of Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology (China), Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-2769
Shaofeng WangInternational Business School, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China.
Ahmed TliliSmart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7751
Mengti LiEducational Informatization Strategy Research Base, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Dong YangCollege of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China. dydyor@outlook.com.
Michael Agyemang AdarkwahInstitute for Education and Culture, Chair of Adult Education, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Planetarium 4, Jena, Germany.
Xixian ZhuNational Engineering Research Center of Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology (China), Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Ling ZhuSchool of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Ronghuai HuangNational Engineering Research Center of Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology (China), Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Hongyan KuaiSmart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has been regarded as one of the indispensable factors affecting students' academic success in online learning environments. However, the current understanding of the mechanism/causes of SRL in online ill-structured problem-solving remains insufficient. This study, therefore, examines the configural causal effects of goal attributes, motivational beliefs, creativity, and grit on self-regulated learning. With the fuzzy sets approach (fsQCA), the proposed association was analyzed based on a sample of students (n = 88) participating in an educational design competition activity. The results uniquely revealed the predictive factors of SRL at both high and low levels. In addition, it was found that no single condition of factors leads to the prediction of high or low self-regulation. More specifically, different conditions of factors, in terms of gender, goal attributes (goal setting and achievement goals), grit, task value, creativity, and self-efficacy, can largely predict high and low self-regulated learning during ill-structured problem-solving in the context of online learning. Implications for theory and policy prescriptions were discussed to enhance self-regulated learning in online ill-structured problem-solving.

Indexed as

CreativityGoalsMotivationProblem SolvingAdultEducation, DistanceFemaleHumansLearningMaleSelf-ControlSelf EfficacyStudentsYoung AdultCausal factorsConfigural approachfsQCAProblem-solvingSelf-regulated learning

Identifiers

PMID39789628
PMCPMC11720508

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.