ArticleSpinal cord2025
Psychological outcomes of extended reality interventions in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a systematic scoping review.
Article in Spinal cord, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design Recommendations for Virtual Reality-Based Upper Limb Exercises From People With Tetraplegia and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Specialists: Focus Group Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Effects of Virtual Reality on Motor Function and Balance in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Applying a Virtual Art Therapy System Based on the Michelangelo Effect in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Motor Neurorehabilitation: Scoping Review Focused on the Role of Body Representation.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSystematic scoping review.
objectivesExtended reality (XR) is becoming a recognisable tool for assisting in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. While the success of XR mediated interventions is often evaluated based on improvements in physical and functional performance, the present systematic scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on reported psychological outcomes of XR interventions in SCI rehabilitation. In doing so, we aimed to contribute towards an adaptation of XR that is meaningful for individuals living with SCI.
methodsSeven bibliometric databases were systematically searched. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, test structured and targeted XR interventions in an adult (≥ 16 years) SCI population, and assess any psychological construct. Individual double-screening against a pre-defined eligibility criteria was performed. Data from the included studies were extracted, tabulated, and analysed.
resultsA total of 964 unique studies were initially identified. 13 studies were included in the analysis. The psychological outcomes most frequently quantified were depression, self-esteem, and anxiety. Among other things, qualitative evidence suggests VR-based interventions provided enjoyment, relaxation, and a source of positive distraction.
conclusionImmersive XR interventions in SCI rehabilitation have been positively evaluated, both qualitatively and quantitatively, based on the psychological outcomes of participants. While further research is needed, we find immersive XR to be an emerging treatment option with promise for maintaining and improving psychological health during SCI rehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.