Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39789329›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025

Interpretable identification of cancer genes across biological networks via transformer-powered graph representation learning.

Xiaorui Su, Pengwei Hu, Dongxu Li, Bowei Zhao, Zhaomeng Niu, Thomas Herget, Philip S Yu, Lun Hu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Disentangling Heterogeneous Molecular Networks for Multi-Omics-Driven Cancer Driver Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  17. Multiscale-Aware Graph Embedding Approach Uncovers LC-61, a Potent Anti-Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaorui SuXinjiang Technical Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-6085
Pengwei HuXinjiang Technical Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Dongxu LiXinjiang Technical Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Bowei ZhaoXinjiang Technical Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Zhaomeng NiuDepartment of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Thomas HergetMerck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
Philip S YuDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Lun HuXinjiang Technical Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China. hulun@ms.xjb.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-8549

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62302495National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62373348National Science Foundation (NSF) III-2106758Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province (Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation) 2021D01D05Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province (Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation) 2023D01E15
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graph representation learning has been leveraged to identify cancer genes from biological networks. However, its applicability is limited by insufficient interpretability and generalizability under integrative network analysis. Here we report the development of an interpretable and generalizable transformer-based model that accurately predicts cancer genes by leveraging graph representation learning and the integration of multi-omics data with the topologies of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks of biological interactions. The model allows for the interpretation of the respective importance of multi-omic and higher-order structural features, achieved state-of-the-art performance in the prediction of cancer genes across biological networks (including networks of interactions between miRNA and proteins, transcription factors and proteins, and transcription factors and miRNA) in pan-cancer and cancer-specific scenarios, and predicted 57 cancer-gene candidates (including three genes that had not been identified by other models) among 4,729 unlabelled genes across 8 pan-cancer datasets. The model's interpretability and generalization may facilitate the understanding of gene-related regulatory mechanisms and the discovery of new cancer genes.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyGene Regulatory NetworksGenes, NeoplasmMachine LearningNeoplasmsAlgorithmsDatabases, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMicroRNAsTranscription FactorsMicroRNAsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.