ArticleNature food2025
A reform of value-added taxes on foods can have health, environmental and economic benefits in Europe.
Article in Nature food, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Food emissions taxes can deliver health and environmental benefits with limited leakage.Nature food · 2026Article
- Integrating Policies that Enable Minimally Processed Foods with Policies that Restrict Ultra-Processed Foods for Obesity and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Sustainable diet shifts among adults in Scotland do not cost more.Nature food · 2026Article
- Reduced meat and dairy consumption improves health, environmental and most nutritional outcomes without increasing diet costs among Scottish adults.Nature food · 2026Article
- The burden of dietary risk factors in the Nordic and Baltic countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- The economic, agricultural, and food security repercussions of a wild pollinator collapse in Europe.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Perspectives of individuals on reducing meat consumption to mitigate climate change - a scoping review.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- A legal battle between Ecuadorian citizens and corporate power.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- A reform of value-added taxes on foods can have health, environmental and economic benefits in Europe.Nature food · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fiscal policies can provide important incentives for encouraging the dietary changes needed to achieve global policy targets. Across Europe, the foods relevant to health and the environment often incur reduced but non-zero value-added tax (VAT) rates at about half the maximum rates, which allows for providing both incentives and disincentives. Integrating economic, health and environmental modelling, we show that reforming VAT rates on foods, including increasing rates on meat and dairy, and reducing VAT rates on fruits and vegetables can improve diets and result in health, environmental and economic benefits in most European countries. The health improvements were primarily driven by reductions in VAT rates on fruits and vegetables, whereas most of the environmental and revenue benefits were driven by increased rates on meat and dairy. Our findings suggest that differentiating VAT rates based on health and environmental considerations can support changes towards healthier and more sustainable diets in Europe.
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Registered trials
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