ArticleNature communications2025
Spatial control of doping in conducting polymers enables complementary, conformable, implantable internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Monolithic 3D-Integrated All-Solid Ion-Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors With Tunable Ionic Conductance for Multi-Timescale Reservoir Computing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Nanostructured Ion Conductor Design for Highly Efficient Ion Transport.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Implantable bioelectronic outlet.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tissue-bioelectronics interfaces.Chemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Emerging Implantable Sensor Technologies at the Intersection of Engineering and Brain Science.Biosensors · 2025Review
- A Photo-Patternable Solid-State Electrolyte for High-Performance, Miniaturized, and Implantable Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Based Circuits.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Contorted acene ribbons for stable and ultrasensitive neural probes.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Complementary transistors are critical for circuits with compatible input/output signal dynamic range and polarity. Organic electronics offer biocompatibility and conformability; however, generation of complementary organic transistors requires introduction of separate materials with inadequate stability and potential for tissue toxicity, limiting their use in biomedical applications. Here, we discovered that introduction of source/drain contact asymmetry enables spatial control of de/doping and creation of single-material complementary organic transistors from a variety of conducting polymers of both carrier types. When integrated with the vertical channel design and internal ion reservoirs of internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors, we produced matched complementary IGTs (cIGTs) that formed high-performance conformable amplifiers with 200 V/V uniform gain and 2 MHz bandwidth. These amplifiers showed long-term in vivo stability, and their miniaturized biocompatible design allowed implantation in developing rodents to monitor network maturation. cIGTs expand the use of organic electronics in standard circuit designs and enhance their biomedical potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.