ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2025
Controlling Microparticle Aspect Ratio via Photolithography for Injectable Granular Hydrogel Formation and Cell Delivery.
Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Granular Hydrogels as Modular Biomaterials: From Structural Design to Biological Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Microgel Aspect Ratio Influences Injectable Granular Hydrogel Scaffold Pore Structure and Cellular Invasion for Tissue Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Practical Guide to the Design of Granular Hydrogels for Customizing Complex Cellular Microenvironments.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Development of Photocurable NorHA-dECM Hybrid Hydrogels to Study Cell-Matrix Interactions.ACS macro letters · 2025Article
- Hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatment: Fabrication strategies, smart responsiveness, and multimodal therapies.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Granular hydrogels are injectable and inherently porous biomaterials assembled through the packing of microparticles. These particles typically have a symmetric and spherical shape. However, recent studies have shown that asymmetric particles with high aspect ratios, such as fibers and rods, can significantly improve the mechanics, structure, and cell-guidance ability of granular hydrogels. Despite this, it remains unknown how controlled changes in the particle aspect ratio influence the injectability, porosity, and cell-instructive capabilities of granular hydrogels. Part of the challenge lies in obtaining microparticles with precisely tailored dimensions using fabrication methods such as flow-focusing microfluidics or extrusion fragmentation. In this work, we leveraged facile photolithography and photocurable hyaluronic acid to fabricate rod-shaped microparticles with widths and heights of 130 μm and lengths that varied from 260 to 1300 μm to obtain aspect ratios (ARs) of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. All AR microparticles formed porous and injectable granular hydrogels after centrifugation jamming. Interestingly, the longest microparticles neither clogged the needle nor fractured after extrusion from a syringe. This was attributed to a relatively low elastic modulus that permitted microparticle pliability and reversible deformation under shear. Cells (NIH/3T3 fibroblasts) mixed with the jammed microparticles and injected into molds remained viable, adhered to the particles' surface, and showed a significant and rapid rate of proliferation over a period of 7 days compared to bulk hydrogels. The proliferation rate and morphology of the cells were significantly influenced by the particle AR, with higher cell numbers observed with intermediate ARs, likely attributable to the surface area available for cell adhesion. These findings showcase the utility of injectable granular hydrogels made with high-aspect-ratio microparticles for biomedical applications.
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Registered trials
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