ArticleVaccine2025
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children and their household members in southern Mozambique five years after PCV10 introduction.
Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Co-carriage of respiratory tract bacterial pathogens among under-5 children with pneumococcal carriage in Peninsular Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, which are leading causes of child mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) protect against disease and nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes, reducing transmission to and among unvaccinated individuals. Mozambique introduced 10-valent PCV (PCV10) in 2013. In 2017-2019, 13-valent PCV (PCV13) replaced PCV10, and in September 2019 the schedule changed from three primary doses to two primary doses and a booster; the booster-containing schedule may increase indirect effects. We examined pneumococcal carriage in Mozambique to establish a baseline for estimating the impact of policy changes and to estimate the long-term impact of PCV10 in children aged <5 years.
methodsWe calculated prevalence of carriage of PCV10 serotypes and the 3 additional PCV13 serotypes ('PCV13-unique') among children aged <5 years and their household members in southern Mozambique, between October 2018 and July 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured, and isolates underwent Quellung serotyping. For children, we compared these "long-term post-PCV10" data with prior surveys ("pre-PCV" (2012-2013) and "post-PCV10" (2015-2016)) that used the same methods.
resultsIn 2018-2019, among 1319 children aged under five years, 1064 (80.7 %) were colonized with pneumococcus, among 614 children aged 5- < 18 years, 355 (57.8 %) were colonized, and among 804 adults (aged ≥18 years), 285 (35.4 %) were colonized. The most frequently observed serotypes were 19 A (n = 154, 8.5 % of isolates) and 6 A (n = 107, 5.9 %), both PCV13-unique serotypes. Overall carriage prevalence among children under five years remained stable at approximately 80 % across the carriage studies conducted between 2012 and 2019; between 2015 and 2016 and 2018-2019, the prevalence of PCV10-type carriage declined from 17.7 % to 10.1 %.
conclusionsDespite substantial declines in PCV10-type carriage initially following vaccine introduction, the continued circulation of PCV10 serotypes and relative high prevalence of PCV13-unique serotypes underscore the need to understand the impact of policy changes on pneumococcus transmission.
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