Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39787069›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Trajectories of Resilience-Related Traits and Their Impact on Health Outcomes in Schizophrenia: Results From a 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

Ellen E Lee, Tsung-Chin Wu, Stephanie Ibrahim, Angelina Van Dyne, Xin M Tu, Lisa T Eyler

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ellen E LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Tsung-Chin WuSam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Stephanie IbrahimDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Angelina Van DyneDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Xin M TuSam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.

Funding

UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR001442 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S, HOGARTH, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2024
$88.3M
Accelerated Inflammaging in SchizophreniaR01MH094151 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI EYLER, LISA T · 2012 to 2021
$7.4M
Inflammatory Mechanisms Linking Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia in Later LifeK23MH119375 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LEE, ELLEN EUN-OK · 2019 to 2023
$1.0M
American Psychiatric Association KempfDesert-Pacific Mental Illness Research EducationNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NIH HHS UL1TR001442NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH119375NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH119375-01NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094151NIMH NIH HHS R01MH094151-01The Brain & Behavior Research FoundationUniversity of California San DiegoVA San Diego Healthcare System
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisFor the rapidly growing population of older people living with schizophrenia (PLWS), psychological resilience, or the capacity to adapt to adversity, is an understudied target for improving health. Little is known about resilience and its longitudinal impact on outcomes among PLWS. This study assesses trajectories of resilience-related traits in PLWS and a nonpsychiatric comparison group (NCs) and longitudinal interactions between resilience and health. STUDY

designThis sample included 166 PLWS and 155 NCs (mean age 48 years, 52% women), with a 4.1-year mean follow-up time. The groups were comparable in age, sex, and follow-up time. We assessed resilience-related traits, physical well-being, obesity, hyperglycemia, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to examine linear trends over time and continuous-time structural equation models (CTSEM) to assess the longitudinal relationships (cross-lagged effects between resilience and health). STUDY

resultsPeople living with schizophrenia had lower resilience levels, compared with NCs. While resilience was stable over time for White individuals, younger non-White individuals with less education had increases in resilience over time. We found bidirectional 1-year cross-lagged effects of resilience with physical well-being and obesity, but not with hyperglycemia. Among PLWS, there were 1-year cross-lagged effects of resilience with both positive symptoms and negative symptoms.

conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of resilience and its link to physical and mental health over time. Resilience may be a key protective factor in aging among PLWS, and the potential to improve resilience is an important and understudied approach for improving outcomes for older PLWS.

Indexed as

Health StatusHyperglycemiaObesityResilience, PsychologicalSchizophreniaAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPsychological Well-Beingmetabolicnegative symptomsphysical healthpositive symptomspsychosis

Identifiers

PMID39787069
PMCPMC13645827

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.