Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39786931›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Increasing pesticide diversity impairs soil microbial functions.

Bang Ni, Lu Xiao, Da Lin, Tian-Lun Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yanjie Liu, Quan Chen, Dong Zhu, Haifeng Qian, Matthias C Rillig and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Impacts of pollution on the soil microbiome.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bang Ni *Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
Lu Xiao *Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7155-6709
Da LinKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
Tian-Lun ZhangKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
Qi ZhangCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
Yanjie LiuKey Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Quan ChenYunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
Dong ZhuKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0826-6423
Haifeng QianCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
Matthias C RilligInstitute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3541-7853
Yong-Guan ZhuKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Funding

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41991332MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42222701MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42307027Ningbo S&T project 2021-DST-004Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Project 2022A-163-GYouth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2023321
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pesticide application is essential for stabilizing agricultural production. However, the effects of increasing pesticide diversity on soil microbial functions remain unclear, particularly under varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices. In this study, we investigated the stochasticity of soil microbes and multitrophic networks through amplicon sequencing, assessed soil community functions related to carbon (C), N, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling, and characterized the dominant bacterial life history strategies via metagenomics along a gradient of increasing pesticide diversity under two N addition levels. Our findings show that higher pesticide diversity enriches the abundance of bacterial specialists and opportunists capable of degrading or resisting pesticides, reducing the proportion of bacterial generalists in the absence of N addition. These shifts can complicate multitrophic microbial networks. Under increased pesticide diversity, selective pressure may drive bacteria to streamline their average genome size to conserve energy while enhancing C, N, P, and S metabolic capacities, thus accelerating soil nutrient loss. In comparison, N addition was found to reduce bacterial niche differentiation at higher pesticide diversity, mitigating the impacts of network complexity and functional traits associated with pesticide diversity, ultimately alleviating soil nutrient loss. Our results reveal the contrasting impacts of pesticide diversity on microbial functions under different N input scenarios and emphasize that strategic N fertilizer management can mitigate the ecological effects of pesticide use in agricultural systems.

Indexed as

BacteriaFertilizersNitrogenPesticidesSoilSoil MicrobiologyAgricultureCarbonMetagenomicsMicrobiotaPhosphorusSulfurCarbonFertilizersNitrogenPesticidesPhosphorusSoilSulfurcommunity assemblyfunctional genelife history strategynetwork complexitypesticide diversity

Identifiers

PMID39786931
PMCPMC11745395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.