Trial reportJCI insight2025
Randomized trial of same- versus opposite-arm coadministration of inactivated influenza and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
Trial report in JCI insight, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Immune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter.International immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe immunogenicity of current influenza vaccines needs improvement. Inactivated influenza and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines can be coadministered, but randomized controlled trial data are lacking on whether the 2 vaccines are more immunogenic if given in the same arm or opposite arms. Murine studies suggest mRNA vaccines can adjuvant influenza vaccines when coformulated and codelivered.METHODSWe randomly assigned 56 adults to receive the Afluria quadrivalent inactivated influenza and Moderna monovalent SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines, either in opposite arms or both in the same arm at the same site. The primary endpoint was the difference in median combined serum hemagglutination inhibition titer to the H1, H3, and B-Vic vaccine influenza strains after vaccination.RESULTSWe found no significant difference in hemagglutination inhibition antibody levels between the groups (P = 0.30), with the same-arm group having a 1.26-fold higher titer than the opposite-arm group. There were no differences in analyses of antibodies against individual influenza strains or in nasal or saliva antibody levels. While both binding and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 were not significantly different between groups postvaccination, there was a higher fold-change in BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralizing antibodies in the opposite-arm group.CONCLUSIONInfluenza vaccination is equivalently immunogenic if given in the same arm or opposite arms as the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, but it may be preferable to administer the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at a different site from influenza vaccines.TRIAL REGISTRATIONAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000445572.FUNDINGAustralian National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Medical Research Future Fund, and National Institutes of Health (UH2AI176172).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.