Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39786711›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Rural Communities in the Deep South: Examining the Relationship Between Social Function and General Health Perceptions in Older Black Americans.

Erin R Harrell, Christina J Ezemenaka, Shameka L Cody, Sharlene D Newman

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Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Erin R HarrellDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA. erin.harrell@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-5355-5232
Christina J EzemenakaDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2257-9709
Shameka L CodyCapstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5998-4484
Sharlene D NewmanAlabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5575-8535

Funding

OMH OASH HHS CPIMP211265
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncreased mortality in rural southern areas has persisted and worsened among older Black adults due to high prevalence of chronic conditions combined with limited healthcare access resulting from social and structural factors.

objectiveOur objective was to examine the relationship between general health perceptions, social functioning, mental health, and demographic characteristics among Black adults living in the rural south.

methodsThis cross-sectional study examined health perceptions in older Black Americans residing in four rural towns within Alabama (Clayton, Fort Deposit, Hobson City, and York). Participants completed a self-report survey exploring general health, social functioning, mental health, and demographic characteristics. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between these variables and the primary outcome of general health.

resultsThe average age of participants (N = 119) was 64.8 years (SD = 9.4). Social functioning, depressive symptoms, age group, and town of residence were all significantly associated with general health (p < 0.05). A one unit increase in social functioning was associated with a .28 unit increase in general health scores, p = 0.002. General health scores decreased by 19.4 units for participants reporting depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001) and by 9.8 units for those aged 65 and older (p = 0.003).

conclusionThese findings support the need for targeted health resources in rural communities based on population needs and replicates prior studies that have shown increases in social networks may help improve physical and emotional health among the aging adult population.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanHealth StatusMental HealthRural PopulationAgedAlabamaCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlack AmericansDeep SouthOlder adultsRural communitiesSocial function

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