ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2026
Heterogeneity in Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology: Associations with Risk and Protective Factors.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seeds of discord: Unravelling family conflict, parenting, and child externalizing behaviours.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations of Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity With Dimensions of Psychopathology in Adolescence.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- The ABCD Study at 10: The NIH perspective on progress, impact, and the road ahead.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mental health trajectory groups: Family income, neighborhood disadvantage, and role of the school environment.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Longitudinal Trajectories of Mania Symptoms in Youth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Family Factors Associated with Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms: Longitudinal Findings from the ABCD Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Associations Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Parenting Styles Among Chinese Adolescents: A Latent Profile and Response Surface Analysis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- A Network Analysis of the Interrelationships Between Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Middle School Students.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Timing matters: A multi-contextual, within-individual approach to understanding age-related changes in psychopathology in the ABCD Study.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- Facets of trait impulsivity and their relationships to developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors from childhood into early adolescence.Journal of research in personality · 2025Article
- Article
- MULTIMODAL NEURAL CORRELATES OF CHILDHOOD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Among a large sample of youth (9-10 years old at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 11,661) we modeled trajectories of psychopathology over three years and associated risk and protective factors. Growth mixture modeling characterized latent classes with distinct psychopathology trajectories. Results indicated four different internalizing trajectories: a high-decreasing class, a moderate-decreasing class, a moderate-increasing class, and a low-stable class. There were also four externalizing trajectories: a moderate-decreasing class, a high-decreasing class, a moderate-increasing class, and a low-decreasing class. We used parallel process growth analysis to examine the co-development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and characterized five trajectory classes with distinct patterns of co-development. These classes were differentially associated with negative life events, neighborhood safety, and parental acceptance. Together, the findings characterize general developmental patterns of psychopathology, quantify the proportion of youth that follow each pattern, and identify key predictors that discriminate these patterns.
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