ArticleInternational journal of medical sciences2025
Causal Relationship Between Gluten-Free Diet and Autoimmune-Related Disease Risk: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in International journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Gluten-Free Diet in Non-Celiac Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting Cytokine Dysregulation in Psoriasis: The Role of Dietary Interventions in Modulating the Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Associations of Clinical Presentation of Coeliac Disease with Comorbidities and Complications: A Retrospective Single-Centre Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While the gluten-free diet (GFD) is primarily used to treat celiac disease (CD), recent research suggests it may also offer benefits for autoimmune-related diseases (ARDs), though findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of a GFD against ARDs by Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing data from over 500,000 samples from the UK Biobank and other publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), MR analysis revealed a significant negative causal relationship between GFD and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR = 0.782, 95% CI = [0.727-0.841], p < 0.001). Mediation analysis identified immune cells such as CD14+ CD16+ monocyte absolute count (mediating 2.441% of the effect), CD14+ CD16+ monocyte percentage (2.346%), and CD20 on IgD+ CD38^dim B cells (3.119%) as potential mediators in the protective effect of GFD on RA. These findings suggest that GFD may help reduce RA risk by modulating specific immune cell populations. However, further research is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Registered trials
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