Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39780950›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025

Examining the Prevalence of Sports-Related Injuries in Collegiate Baseball Players.

Hiroaki Ishikawa, Daniel M Cushman, Robert Z Tashjian, Peter N Chalmers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hiroaki IshikawaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-2957
Daniel M CushmanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Robert Z TashjianDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Peter N ChalmersDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Sports-related injuries remain a significant problem for collegiate baseball players. Although some studies reported the epidemiology of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players, the latest information on sport-related injuries should be provided. Purpose: To examine the current trends of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players in the Pacific 12 (PAC-12) Conference. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Demographic and injury data were obtained from a database of the PAC-12 Health Analytics Program between 2016 and 2021. Injury incidence, type, mechanism, and outcome were analyzed. The annual incidence of injuries was defined as the number of injuries per total players for 1 year. Detailed reports of the 20 most common specific diagnoses were generated. Results: A total of 1434 sports-related injuries occurred in 6 years, with the number increasing from 2016 (n = 75; incidence, 8.5 per 100 player-years) to 2021 (n = 378; incidence, 43 per 100 player-years). Most of the injuries occurred in pitchers (33.6%), were acute (76.6%), resulted in missed time (68.8%), and were new injuries (86.9%). In addition, most injuries were caused by noncontact events (53.2%) and occurred during in-season games (39.9%) and practice (47.4%). Only 1.3% of sports-related injuries did not result in a return to the previous activity level. Rotator cuff tendon injuries were the most common specific diagnoses (n = 98), followed by ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries (n = 63), hamstring muscle strains (n = 60), ankle ligament sprains (n = 46), and hand/wrist fractures (n = 40). UCL injuries had the highest proportion of surgical interventions (41.3% of all UCL injuries) and the longest days to clearance (167 ± 197 days) among the 20 most common diagnoses. Conclusion: The number of sports-related injuries among PAC-12 collegiate baseball players has increased by approximately 5 times over the past 6 years. Rotator cuff tendon injuries followed by UCL injuries, hamstring muscle strains, ankle ligament sprains, and hand/wrist fractures are the most common specific diagnoses among this cohort of collegiate baseball players. Of the 20 most common specific diagnoses, UCL injuries most often require surgical interventions and had the longest return to playtime.

Indexed as

baseballepidemiologymedical aspects of sportsNational Collegiate Athletic Associationreturn to sportsrotator cuff tendon injuriessoftballulnar collateral ligament injuries

Identifiers

PMID39780950
PMCPMC11707767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.