Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39779872›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Pharmacovigilance study of the association between progestogen and depression based on the FDA adverse event reporting System (FAERS).

Hui Gao, Xiaohan Zhai, Yan Hu, Hang Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hui GaoHeze Medical College, Heze, 274000, Shandong Province, China.
Xiaohan ZhaiDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
Yan HuDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, China.
Hang WuDepartment of pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, 274000, Shandong Province, China. wuhang19870505@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2022QC167
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Progestogens commonly used in the clinic include levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, medroxyprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, desogestrel, and megestrol. Progestogens are widely used for contraception and the treatment of endometriosis, threatened abortion and other diseases. However, the correlation between progestogen use and depression is not clear. Therefore, this study used data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to assess the relationship between progestogen levels and depression. In this study, all data from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2024 were extracted and imported into SAS 9.4 software for data cleaning and analysis. The reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) were used for Bayesian analysis and disproportionation analysis. Levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, etonogestrel and desogestrel presented positive signals for depression, and medroxyprogesterone also presented positive signals for major depression. Although none of the progestogens presented positive signals for suicide or self-harm, medroxyprogesterone presented a positive signal for suicidal ideation. Conclusion Analysis of data from the FAERS database revealed that levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone, etonogestrel, and desogestrel were correlated with depression. These findings provide real-world evidence of the potential risk of progestogen-related depression.

Indexed as

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsBayes TheoremDepressionPharmacovigilanceProgestinsUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationAdolescentAdultDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultProgestinsAdverse event reporting systemDepressionEpidemiologyPharmacovigilanceProgestogen

Identifiers

PMID39779872
PMCPMC11711629

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.