ArticleBMJ open2025
The hidden cost of digital learning: a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among medical students in Jordan.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome Among Medical Students in Syria: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated factors among university students in oman: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIncreased screen time has resulted in widespread computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the digital era. Medical students, who rely heavily on digital screens, are particularly at risk. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CVS among Jordanian medical students, which is a gap in existing knowledge.
designCross-sectional study
settingNational multicentre study conducted across six universities in Jordan.
participantsMedical students from first to sixth year. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: Prevalence of CVS among medical students in Jordan. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Identification of risk factors associated with CVS, assessment of the correlation between screen time and the severity of CVS symptoms.
resultsThe prevalence of CVS among medical students was 56.3%. Among the 833 participants, 543 were females (65.2%) and 290 were males (34.8%). The CVS group reported a median of five symptoms, whereas two symptoms were reported in the non-CVS group (p<0.001). Compared with males, females reported significantly more symptoms (p<0.001). Dry eyes (26.3%) and headaches (25.9%) were the most reported symptoms. Continuous screen use was associated with CVS group status (p=0.008). Moderate positive correlations were found between the number of symptoms and the frequency of monthly symptom attacks and between the duration and frequency of symptom attacks (p<0.001).
conclusionOur study found a 56.3% prevalence of CVS among Jordanian medical students, with over 80% having ocular and extraocular symptoms. Symptoms, attack duration and frequency were higher, especially in females, highlighting the need for preventive measures and increased awareness about prolonged screen use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.