Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39778912›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2025

A Missed Opportunity? Exploring Changes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data From 12 Countries Worldwide.

Marco Del Riccio, Andrea Guida, Bronke Boudewijns, Susanne Heemskerk, Jojanneke van Summeren, Caroline Schneeberger, Foekje Stelma, Koos van der Velden, Aura Timen, Saverio Caini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marco Del RiccioDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Andrea GuidaMedical School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1278-7053
Bronke BoudewijnsNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7214-4586
Susanne HeemskerkNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0007-7267-0897
Jojanneke van SummerenNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Caroline SchneebergerNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Foekje StelmaNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Koos van der VeldenDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Aura TimenDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Saverio CainiNetherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2262-1102

Funding

Sanofi
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaccination is a key measure in influenza control, yet global coverage rates remain low, although previous research reported an increase in influenza vaccination coverage rates (VCR) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess whether these changes were sustained over time by analyzing VCR trends from 2012 to 2023 in the countries included in the FluCov project.

methodsData on influenza VCR from 2012 to 2023 for different age and risk groups were extracted from national health organizations and international sources for countries included in the FluCov project. For coverage rates in the older adults, segmented regression models were used to test if 2020 marked a significant change in VCR trends. Moreover, polynomial regression models were fitted for each country with VCR in the period 2012 to 2020 to predict coverage rates for 2021 to 2023 and to compare these to the actual coverage rates for 2021 to 2023.

resultsFor the elderly, we retrieved influenza VCR data for 12 countries. In 2020, VCR among elderly increased in 10 countries, but the increase was statistically significant in Spain and England only. Moreover, all countries except Spain reverted to levels within the confidence intervals of trends modeled using pre-2020 data.

conclusionsAlthough influenza VCR increased in 2020, these changes were statistically significant in only two out of 12 countries, and no consistent, sustained increase was observed afterward, except in Spain. The findings suggest the need for continuous monitoring of VCR and the implementation of strategies to promote and maintain high vaccination coverage rates.

Indexed as

COVID-19Influenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesVaccination CoverageAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolGlobal HealthHumansInfantMiddle AgedPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Influenza VaccinesCOVID‐19 pandemicinfluenzaolder adultsrespiratory virusesrisk groupsvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID39778912
PMCPMC11710886

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.