ArticleGigaScience2025
Chromosome-level echidna genome illuminates evolution of multiple sex chromosome system in monotremes.
Article in GigaScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Conservation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in Monotremes and Large-Scale Restructuring of the Caspase-1 Gene Cluster Region in Mammals.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Male and female genomes of millipede (iScience · 2026Article
- Evolution of chromosomes and nuclear architectures of amniotes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Investigating the evolution of large meiotic rings of multiple X and Y sex chromosomes in two Leptodactylus frog species (Anura, Leptodactylidae).Communications biology · 2025Article
- AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Chromosome-level echidna genome illuminates evolution of multiple sex chromosome system in monotremes.GigaScience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA thorough analysis of genome evolution is fundamental for biodiversity understanding. The iconic monotremes (platypus and echidna) feature extraordinary biology. However, they also exhibit rearrangements in several chromosomes, especially in the sex chromosome chain. Therefore, the lack of a chromosome-level echidna genome has limited insights into genome evolution in monotremes, in particular the multiple sex chromosomes complex.
resultsHere, we present a new long reads-based chromosome-level short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) genome, which allowed the inference of chromosomal rearrangements in the monotreme ancestor (2n = 64) and each extant species. Analysis of the more complete sex chromosomes uncovered homology between 1 Y chromosome and multiple X chromosomes, suggesting that it is the ancestral X that has undergone reciprocal translocation with ancestral autosomes to form the complex. We also identified dozens of ampliconic genes on the sex chromosomes, with several ancestral ones expressed during male meiosis, suggesting selective constraints in pairing the multiple sex chromosomes.
conclusionThe new echidna genome provides an important basis for further study of the unique biology and conservation of this species.
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