ReviewJournal of diabetes investigation2025
Clinical significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement in type 2 diabetes.
Review in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and various metabolic conditions: an umbrella review on meta-analyses.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- A pitfall in the evaluation of Sampson-estimated small dense LDL cholesterol in metabolic disorders: Is it equivalent to directly measured sdLDL-C?Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Features of Lipid Disorders in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The changing epidemiology of human type 2 diabetes-associated atherosclerosis: Pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging treatment possibilities.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Small, dense LDL-C as a predictor of cardiovascular risk and benefit of alirocumab in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome receiving optimized statin treatment.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein subfractions in cardiovascular disease risk prediction and therapeutic targeting: Current landscape and future directions.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- An Apparent Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with High Levels of Estimated Small Dense LDL Cholesterol in a Japanese Population.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Estimation of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: findings from a nationwide prospective cohort.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- SdLDL‑C/LDL‑C discordance as a practical surrogate for triglyceride‑associated cardiovascular risk: identification of at‑risk lipid phenotypes in the CHARLS prospective cohort.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Progress in research on the association between glucose metabolism disorders and intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of Qingre Lishi decoction on anthropometric and metabolic risk indices in obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM: a real-world observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Small dense LDL: An underestimated driver of atherosclerosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Relationship of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level with pre-diabetes and newly detected type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- LDL atherogenicity determined by size, density, oxidation, apolipoprotein(a), and electronegativity: an updated review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Factors influencing type 2 diabetes in adults: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of cumulative triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index in stroke development: evidence from the CHARLS cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is known to be a causal substance of atherosclerosis, but its usefulness as a predictive biomarker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is limited. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), LDL-C concentrations do not markedly increase, while triglycerides (TG) concentrations are usually elevated. Although TG is associated with ASCVD risk, they do not play a direct role in the formation of atheromatous plaques. TG changes the risk of ASCVD in a way that is dependent on LDL-C, and TG is the primary factor in reducing LDL particle size. Small dense (sd)LDL, a potent atherogenic LDL subfraction, best explains the "Atherogenic Duo" of TG and LDL-C. Although hypertriglyceridemia is associated with small-sized LDL, patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and low LDL-C rarely develop ASCVD. This suggests that quantifying sdLDL is more clinically relevant than measuring LDL size. We developed a full-automated direct sdLDL-C assay, and it was proven that sdLDL-C is a better predictor of ASCVD than LDL-C. The sdLDL-C level is specifically elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome and T2D who have insulin resistance. Due to its clear link to metabolic dysfunction, sdLDL-C could be named "metabolic LDL-C." Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia promotes TG production in the liver, causing steatosis and overproduction of VLDL1, a precursor of sdLDL. sdLDL-C is closely associated with steatotic liver disease and chronic kidney disease, which are common complications in T2D. This review focuses on T2D and discusses the clinical significance of sdLDL-C including its composition, pathophysiology, measurements, association with ASCVD, and treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.